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In the religious controversy between Catholics and Protestants during the sixteenth century over the doctrine of justification, a primary issue had its origins in the teachings of Scripture as well as in church history. Theological exponents from both sides looked at writings, biographies, and sermons from the Middle Ages in order to make their argument for continuity in some way or other. This was the case for Waldensianism that according to Protestant propaganda was in opposition to the official Church but similarly claimed ancient origins that went back to the Apostolic Age. By looking at extant early Waldensian sermons from the Middle Ages, it is possible to see that this popular narrative was founded upon a forgery. The study shows the need for caution when approaching primary sources.